A bone tumor refers to a neoplastic growth of tissue in bone. It can be used for both benign and malignant abnormal growths found in bone, but is most commonly used for primary tumors of bone, such as osteosarcoma. It is may be applied to secondary bone tumors, i.e. metastatic tumors found in bone.
Most bone tumors are noncancerous (benign). Some are cancerous (malignant). Benign tumors are usually not life threatening. Malignant tumors can spread cancer cells throughout the body (metastasize). This happens via the blood or lymphatic system. Cancer that begins in bone (primary bone cancer) is different from cancer that begins somewhere else in the body and spreads to bone (secondary bone cancer).
There are many different types of bone cancer. The most common bone tumors include osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, fibrosarcoma, and chordoma.
For diagnosis the doctor have to know information about general health and the tumor's type, size, location, and possible extent of spread. So, complete medical history - the first thing your will need. Some types of cancer are more common in people if they have close family members that have had that type of cancer. A description of your symptoms can help your doctor identify the possibility of bone cancer from other possible causes.
A complete physical examination can help find the cause of your symptoms.
Medical History. This includes learning about any medications you take, details about any previous tumors or cancers that you or your family members may have had, and symptoms you are experiencing.
Physical examination focus is on the tumor mass, tenderness in bone, and any impact on joints and/or range of motion.
Imaging. Different types of tumors have different characteristics on X-ray. These may include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT).
Tests. Blood tests and/or urine tests may be done. A biopsy is another test. A biopsy removes a sample of tissue from the tumor. The tissue sample is examined under a microscope.
There are three main types of treatment for bone cancer: surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. These can be used either individually or combined with each other.
The goal of surgery is usually to remove the entire tumor and a surrounding area of normal bone. After the tumor has been removed, a pathologist examines it to determine if there is normal bone completely surrounding the tumor. If a portion of the cancer is left behind, it can continue to grow and spread, requiring further treatment.
Chemotherapy - is the use of various medications used to try to stop the growth of the cancer cells. Chemotherapy can be used prior to surgery to try to shrink the bone tumor to make surgery easier. It can also be used after surgery to try to kill any remaining cancer cells left following surgery.
The radiation therapy uses high-energy x-ray aimed at the site of the cancer to try to kill the cancer cells. This treatment is given in small doses daily over a period of days to months.
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