Ovarian cancer is a cancerous growth arising from different parts of the ovary. The most common form of ovarian cancer arises from the outer lining (epithelium) of the ovary. Other forms arise from the egg cells (germ cell tumor).
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of death from cancer in women and the leading cause of death from gynecological cancer. The risk increases with age and decreases with pregnancy. Lifetime risk is about 1.6%, but women with affected first-degree relatives have a 5% risk. Women with a mutated BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene carry a risk between 25% and 60% depending on the specific mutation.
Early diagnosis of ovarian cancer would result in better survival. Diagnosis include:
The diagnosis must be confirmed with surgery to inspect the abdominal cavity, take biopsies (tissue samples for microscopic analysis) and look for cancer cells in the abdominal fluid.
The main method of ovarian cancer’s treatments are surgery and chemotherapy. Rarely, radiation therapy is used.
Local therapy: Surgery and radiation therapy are local therapies. They remove or destroy ovarian cancer in the pelvis. When ovarian cancer has spread to other parts of the body, local therapy may be used to control the disease in those specific areas.
Intraperitoneal chemotherapy: Chemotherapy can be given directly into the abdomen and pelvis through a thin tube. The drugs destroy or control cancer in the abdomen and pelvis.
Systemic chemotherapy: When chemotherapy is taken by mouth or injected into a vein, the drugs enter the bloodstream and destroy or control cancer throughout the body.
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